DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL
Vergleich der Systemeigenschaften Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL
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| Name | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB  former name was Azure DocumentDB Xaus Vergleich ausschliessen | Microsoft SQL Server Xaus Vergleich ausschliessen | MySQL Xaus Vergleich ausschliessen | Oracle Xaus Vergleich ausschliessen | PostgreSQL Xaus Vergleich ausschliessen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kurzbeschreibung | Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service | Relationales DBMS von Microsoft | Weit verbreitetes, allgemein einsetzbares Open Source RDBMS | Weit verbreitetes, allgemein einsetzbares RDBMS | Weit verbreitetes, allgemein einsetzbares Open Source RDBMS Entwickelt als objektorientiertes DBMS, im Laufe der Zeit um 'Standards' wie SQL erweitert | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primäres Datenbankmodell | Document Store Graph DBMS Key-Value Store Wide Column Store | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS Key/Value Zugriff über memcached API | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS mit objektorientierten Erweiterungen, z.B.: benutzerdefinierte Datentypen/Funktionen und Vererbung. Key/Value handling mit hstore Modul. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sekundäre Datenbankmodelle | Spatial DBMS | Document Store Graph DBMS Spatial DBMS | Document Store Spatial DBMS | Document Store Graph DBMS with Oracle Spatial and GraphRDF Store with Oracle Spatial and GraphSpatial DBMS with Oracle Spatial and GraphVektor DBMS since Oracle 23 | Document Store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vektor DBMS with pgvector extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db | www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server | www.mysql.com | www.oracle.com/database | www.postgresql.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technische Dokumentation | learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db | learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server | dev.mysql.com/doc | docs.oracle.com/en/database | www.postgresql.org/docs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entwickler | Microsoft | Microsoft | Oracle seit 2010, ursprünglich MySQL AB, danach Sun | Oracle | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Erscheinungsjahr | 2014 | 1989 | 1995 | 1980 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aktuelle Version | SQL Server 2022, November 2022 | 8.4.0, April 2024 | 23c, September 2023 | 16.3, Mai 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lizenz Commercial or Open Source | kommerziell | kommerziell eingeschränkte kostenlose Version verfügbar | Open Source GPL Version 2. Kommerzielle Lizenzen mit erweiterter Funktionalität sind verfügbar. | kommerziell eingeschränkte kostenlose Version verfügbar | Open Source BSD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ausschließlich ein Cloud-Service Nur als Cloud-Service verfügbar | ja | nein | nein | nein | nein | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS Angebote (gesponserte Links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant. | Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup. |
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| Implementierungssprache | C++ | C und C++ | C und C++ | C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server Betriebssysteme | gehostet | Linux Windows | FreeBSD Linux OS X Solaris Windows | AIX HP-UX Linux OS X Solaris Windows z/OS | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Datenschema | schemafrei | ja | ja | ja Schemaless in JSON and XML columns | ja | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typisierung vordefinierte Datentypen, z.B. float oder date | ja JSON types | ja | ja | ja | ja | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML Unterstützung Verarbeitung von Daten in XML Format, beispielsweise Speicherung von XML-Strukturen und/oder Unterstützung von XPath, XQuery, XSLT | ja | ja | ja | ja specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sekundärindizes | ja All properties auto-indexed by default | ja | ja | ja | ja | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | SQL-like query language | ja | ja mit proprietären Erweiterungen | ja mit proprietären Erweiterungen | ja Standard mit zahlreichen Erweiterungen | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs und andere Zugriffskonzepte | DocumentDB API Graph API (Gremlin) MongoDB API RESTful HTTP API Table API | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC OLE DB Tabular Data Stream (TDS) | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC Proprietäres native API | JDBC ODBC ODP.NET Oracle Call Interface (OCI) | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unterstützte Programmiersprachen | .Net C# Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages Python | C# C++ Delphi Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R Ruby Visual Basic | Ada C C# C++ D Delphi Eiffel Erlang Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | C C# C++ Clojure Cobol Delphi Eiffel Erlang Fortran Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Lisp Objective C OCaml Perl PHP Python R Ruby Scala Tcl Visual Basic | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-seitige Scripts Stored Procedures | JavaScript | Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java | ja proprietäre Syntax | PL/SQL auch Java stored procedures möglich | benutzerdefinierte Funktionen realisiert z.B. mit spezifischer Sprache PL/pgSQL, aber auch andere Sprachen möglich (Perl, Python, Tcl, etc.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | JavaScript | ja | ja | ja | ja | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitionierungsmechanismen Methoden zum Speichern von unterschiedlichen Daten auf unterschiedlichen Knoten | Sharding Implizit im Cloud Service | Tabellen können auf mehrere Files aufgeteilt werden (horizontale Partitionierung), sharding möglich (mittels federation) | horizontale Partitionierung, Sharding mit MySQL Cluster oder MySQL Fabric | Sharding, horizontal partitioning | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replikationsmechanismen Methoden zum redundanten Speichern von Daten auf mehreren Knoten | ja Implizit im Cloud Service | ja, aber abhängig von der SQL-Server Edition | Multi-Source Replikation Source-Replica Replikation | Multi-Source Replikation Source-Replica Replikation | Source-Replica Replikation andere Varianten durch Verwendung von 3rd party - tools | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Bietet ein API für Map/Reduce Operationen | with Hadoop integration Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure* | nein | nein | nein kann in PL/SQL realisiert werden | nein | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Konsistenzkonzept Methoden zur Sicherstellung der Konsistenz in einem verteilten System | Bounded Staleness Consistent Prefix Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency Consistency level configurable on request levelSession Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fremdschlüssel referenzielle Integrität | nein | ja | ja nicht für MyISAM Storage Engine | ja | ja | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaktionskonzept Unterstützung zur Sicherstellung der Datenintegrität bei nicht-atomaren Datenmanipulationen | Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition | ACID | ACID nicht für MyISAM Storage Engine | ACID mit parameterisierbarem isolation level | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Unterstützung von gleichzeitig ausgeführten Datenmanipulationen | ja | ja | ja Table Locks oder Row Locks abhängig von Storage Engine | ja | ja | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Dauerhafte Speicherung der Daten | ja | ja | ja | ja | ja | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-Memory Unterstützung Gibt es Möglichkeiten einige oder alle Strukturen nur im Hauptspeicher zu halten | ja | ja | ja Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory' | nein | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Berechtigungskonzept Zugriffskontrolle | Zugriffsrechte bis auf item level einstellbar | Benutzer mit feingranularem Berechtigungskonzept entsprechend SQL-Standard | Benutzer mit feingranularem Berechtigungskonzept keine Benutzergruppen oder Rollen | Benutzer mit feingranularem Berechtigungskonzept entsprechend SQL-Standard | Benutzer mit feingranularem Berechtigungskonzept entsprechend SQL-Standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB | Microsoft SQL Server | MySQL | Oracle | PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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