DBMS > EDB Postgres vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle vs. SAP IQ

System Properties Comparison EDB Postgres vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. Oracle vs. SAP IQ

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

The EDB Postgres Platform is an enterprise-class data management platform based on the open source database PostgreSQL with flexible deployment options and Oracle compatibility features, complemented by tool kits for management, integration, and migration.

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Widely used RDBMS

Columnar RDBMS optimized for Big Data analytics

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

column-oriented

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.90
Rank	#135	Overall
	#63	Relational DBMS

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	2.14
Rank	#120	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	2.75
Rank	#104	Overall
	#53	Relational DBMS

Website

www.enterprisedb.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.oracle.com/database

www.sap.com/products/technology-platform/sybase-iq-big-data-management.html

Technical documentation

www.enterprisedb.com/docs

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.nebula-graph.io

docs.oracle.com/en/database

help.sap.com/docs/SAP_IQ

Developer

EnterpriseDB

Microsoft

Vesoft Inc.

Oracle

SAP, formerly Sybase

Initial release

2005

2014

2019

1980

1994

Current release

14, December 2021

23c, September 2023

16.1 SPS04, April 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

BSD for PostgreSQL-components

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

Linux
Windows

hosted

Linux

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Strong typed schema

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard with numerous extensions

SQL-like query language

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

C
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

JavaScript

user defined functions

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

by hash, list or range

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

shared disk or shared nothing architectures with SAP IQ Multiplexer

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

SAP/Sybase Replication Server

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

can be realized in PL/SQL

Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
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