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DBMS > EDB Postgres vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Neo4j vs. NSDb

System Properties Comparison EDB Postgres vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Neo4j vs. NSDb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameEDB Postgres  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonNSDb  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionThe EDB Postgres Platform is an enterprise-class data management platform based on the open source database PostgreSQL with flexible deployment options and Oracle compatibility features, complemented by tool kits for management, integration, and migration.MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsScalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.91
Rank#130  Overall
#60  Relational DBMS
Score91.04
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score44.89
Rank#21  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#369  Overall
#40  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.enterprisedb.commariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
www.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverneo4j.comnsdb.io
Technical documentationwww.enterprisedb.com/­docsmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarylearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverneo4j.com/­docsnsdb.io/­Architecture
DeveloperEnterpriseDBMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
MicrosoftNeo4j, Inc.
Initial release20052009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995198920072017
Current release14, December 202111.3.2, February 2024SQL Server 2022, November 20225.20, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoBSD for PostgreSQL-componentsOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageCC and C++C++Java, ScalaJava, Scala
Server operating systemsLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesyes infoDynamic columns are supportedyesschema-free and schema-optional
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes: int, bigint, decimal, string
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infowith proprietary extensionsyesnoSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsno
Triggersyesyesyesyes infovia event handler
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoby hash, list or rangeseveral options for horizontal partitioning and Shardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationyes using Neo4j FabricSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version only
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyesyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyesUsing Apache Lucene
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infowith MEMORY storage engineyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
EDB PostgresMariaDBMicrosoft SQL ServerNeo4jNSDb
Specific characteristicsMariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesMariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosWeb, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersDeutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsMariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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