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DBMS > Couchbase vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. QuestDB vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Couchbase vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. QuestDB vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCouchbase infoOriginally called Membase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed document store with integrated cache, a powerful search engine, in-built operational and analytical capabilities, and an embedded mobile databaseDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA high performance open source SQL database for time series dataRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMSRDF store
Secondary database modelsKey-value store infooriginating from the former Membase product and supporting the Memcached protocol
Spatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score17.30
Rank#36  Overall
#5  Document stores
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.52
Rank#109  Overall
#9  Time Series DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitewww.couchbase.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.postgresql.orgquestdb.iordf4j.org
Technical documentationdocs.couchbase.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.postgresql.org/­docsquestdb.io/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperCouchbase, Inc.MicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerQuestDB Technology IncSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release201120101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20142004
Current releaseServer: 7.2, June 2023; Mobile: 3.1, March 2022; Couchbase Capella (DBaaS), June 2023V1216.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBusiness Source License (BSL 1.1); Commercial licenses also availablecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC, C++, Go and ErlangC++CJava (Zero-GC), C++, RustJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocolyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL++, extends ANSI SQL to JSON for operational, transactional, and analytic use casesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL with time-series extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsCLI Client
HTTP REST
Kafka Connector
Native language bindings for CRUD, Query, Search and Analytics APIs
Spark Connector
Spring Data
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languages.Net
C
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Kotlin
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresFunctions and timers in JavaScript and UDFs in Java, Python, SQL++Transact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noyes
Triggersyes infovia the TAP protocolyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesAutomatic Shardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)none
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication infoincluding cross data center replication
Source-replica replication
yes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with eventual consistencynone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoselectable on a per-operation basis
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID for single-table writesACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infoEphemeral bucketsnoyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlUser and Administrator separation with password-based and LDAP integrated Authentication. Role-base access control.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno
More information provided by the system vendor
Couchbase infoOriginally called MembaseMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQLQuestDBRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
Specific characteristicsRelational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
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Competitive advantagesHigh ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
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Typical application scenariosFinancial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
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Key customersBanks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
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Licensing and pricing modelsOpen source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
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Couchbase infoOriginally called MembaseMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQLQuestDBRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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