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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used RDBMSA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oracle.com/­databasegithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMicrosoftOracleJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2008201019802019
Current release4.1.3, July 2023V1223c, September 20231.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaC++C and C++Clojure
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesno
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesyes infowith proprietary extensionslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleno
Triggersyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding, horizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnono infocan be realized in PL/SQLno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureOracleXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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