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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelWide column storeGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score93.21
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgdgraph.iomariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
azure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdgraph.io/­docsmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarydocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookDgraph Labs, Inc.MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
Microsoft
Initial release200820162009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 19952010
Current release4.1.3, July 202311.3.2, February 2024V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaGoC and C++C++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
hosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyes infoDynamic columns are supportedyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3Transact SQL
Triggersyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"yesseveral options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSynchronous replication via RaftMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infowith MEMORY storage engine
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraDgraphMariaDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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More resources
CassandraDgraphMariaDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
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