DBMS > ArangoDB vs. Cassandra vs. CouchDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TiDB
System Properties Comparison ArangoDB vs. Cassandra vs. CouchDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. TiDB
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Name | ArangoDB Xexclude from comparison | Cassandra Xexclude from comparison | CouchDB stands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware" Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft SQL Server Xexclude from comparison | TiDB Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language. | Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB Optimized for write access | A native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones. | Microsofts flagship relational DBMS | TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store Search engine | Wide column store | Document store | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Vector DBMS starting with release V5 | Spatial DBMS using the Geocouch extension | Document store Graph DBMS Spatial DBMS | Document store | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | arangodb.com | cassandra.apache.org | couchdb.apache.org | www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server | pingcap.com | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | docs.arangodb.com | cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest | docs.couchdb.org/en/stable | learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server | docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Developer | ArangoDB Inc. | Apache Software Foundation Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook | Apache Software Foundation Apache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developer | Microsoft | PingCAP, Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2012 | 2008 | 2005 | 1989 | 2016 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | 3.11.5, November 2023 | 4.1.3, July 2023 | 3.3.3, December 2023 | SQL Server 2022, November 2022 | 8.1.0, May 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available | Open Source Apache version 2 | Open Source Apache version 2 | commercial restricted free version is available | Open Source Apache 2.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour. | Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra. | SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant. | TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implementation language | C++ | Java | Erlang | C++ | Go, Rust | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | Linux OS X Windows | BSD Linux OS X Windows | Android BSD Linux OS X Solaris Windows | Linux Windows | Linux | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free automatically recognizes schema within a collection | schema-free | schema-free | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes string, double, boolean, list, hash | yes | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes | restricted only equality queries, not always the best performing solution | yes via views | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | no | SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL) | no | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | AQL Foxx Framework Graph API (Gremlin) GraphQL query language HTTP API Java & SpringData JSON style queries VelocyPack/VelocyStream | Proprietary protocol CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language) Thrift | RESTful HTTP/JSON API | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC OLE DB Tabular Data Stream (TDS) | GORM JDBC ODBC Proprietary protocol SQLAlchemy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | C# C++ Clojure Elixir Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R Rust | C# C++ Clojure Erlang Go Haskell Java JavaScript Node.js Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | C C# ColdFusion Erlang Haskell Java JavaScript Lisp Lua Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP PL/SQL Python Ruby Smalltalk | C# C++ Delphi Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R Ruby Visual Basic | Ada C C# C++ D Delphi Eiffel Erlang Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | JavaScript | no | View functions in JavaScript | Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | no | yes | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding since version 2.0 | Sharding no "single point of failure" | Sharding improved architecture with release 2.0 | tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation | horizontal partitioning (by key range) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor | selectable replication factor Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition | Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript | yes | yes | no | yes with TiSpark Connector | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency configurable per collection or per write Immediate Consistency OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics) | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency can be individually decided for each write operation | Eventual Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes relationships in graphs | no | no | yes | yes full support since version 6.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | no Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations | no atomic operations within a single document possible | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes strategy: optimistic locking | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | no | yes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | yes | Access rights for users can be defined per object | Access rights for users can be defined per database | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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ArangoDB | Cassandra | CouchDB stands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware" | Microsoft SQL Server | TiDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specific characteristics | Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading... » more | Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well... » more | TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Competitive advantages | Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document... » more | No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for... » more | - HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typical application scenarios | Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across... » more | Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product... » more | TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key customers | Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,... » more | Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best... » more | Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Market metrics | ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on... » more | Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100. » more | 34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Licensing and pricing models | Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are... » more | Apache license Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available... » more | TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
News | An Introduction to David Jones-Gilardi, Developer Relations Introducing Tejas Kumar, Developer Relations Engineer Indexing All of Wikipedia on a Laptop An Introduction to Phil Nash, Developer Relations Focus on Creativity, Not Clusters: DataStax Mission Control in Action! | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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ArangoDB | Cassandra | CouchDB stands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware" | Microsoft SQL Server | TiDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | The Weight of Relational Databases: Time for Multi-Model? | Cassandra keeps climbing the ranks of the DB-Engines Ranking Oracle is the DBMS of the Year Winners, losers and an attractive newcomer in Novembers DB-Engines ranking | Couchbase climbs up the DB-Engines Ranking, increasing its popularity by 10% every month | MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019 The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire Microsoft SQL Server is the DBMS of the Year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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