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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Cassandra vs. Lovefield vs. SQLite vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Cassandra vs. Lovefield vs. SQLite vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.97
Rank#126  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Websitephoenix.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orggoogle.github.io/­lovefieldwww.sqlite.orgwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orgcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdwww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmldocs.timescale.com
DeveloperApache Software FoundationApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleDwayne Richard HippTimescale
Initial release20142008201420002017
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20194.1.3, July 20232.1.12, February 20173.45.3  (15 April 2024), April 20242.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoPublic DomainOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaJavaJavaScriptCC
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safariserver-lessLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesschema-freeyesyes infodynamic column typesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.numerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsJDBCProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaScriptActionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsnononouser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
TriggersnoyesUsing read-only observersyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"nonenoneyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
selectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenonenoneSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infovia file-system locksyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes infousing MemoryDByesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache PhoenixCassandraLovefieldSQLiteTimescaleDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
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