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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Cassandra vs. Lovefield vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Cassandra vs. Lovefield vs. SQLite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.02
Rank#130  Overall
#63  Relational DBMS
Score103.86
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.32
Rank#290  Overall
#132  Relational DBMS
Score116.01
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitephoenix.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orggoogle.github.io/­lovefieldwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orgcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdwww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperApache Software FoundationApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release2014200820142000
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20194.1.3, July 20232.1.12, February 20173.45.3  (15 April 2024), April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaJavaJavaScriptC
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safariserver-less
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesschema-freeyesyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsJDBCProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
JavaScriptActionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsnonono
TriggersnoyesUsing read-only observersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"nonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
selectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes infousing MemoryDByes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnono
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache PhoenixCassandraLovefieldSQLite
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
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