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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsWell established RDBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsWidely used RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score17.94
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score4.48
Rank#75  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaseazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tableswww.oracle.com/­database
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oracle.com/­en/­database
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)Actian CorporationMicrosoftMicrosoftOracle
Initial release20121974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201020121980
Current release11.2, May 2022V1223c, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCCC++C and C++
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columns
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesnoyes
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardyesyesnoyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin PythonyesTransact SQLnoPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possible
Triggersnoyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesIngres Replicatoryes, with always 3 replicas availableyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono infocan be realized in PL/SQL
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDoptimistic lockingACID infoisolation level can be parameterized
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Amazon RedshiftIngresMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureMicrosoft Azure Table StorageOracle
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