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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Cassandra vs. Oracle vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Cassandra vs. Oracle vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server Anywhere  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessWidely used RDBMSRDBMS database and synchronization technologies for server, desktop, remote office, and mobile environmentsVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score17.94
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score4.25
Rank#79  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftcassandra.apache.orgwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sql-anywhere.htmlvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasehelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_SQL_Anywheredocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)Apache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookOracleSAP infoformerly SybaseOpenLink Software
Initial release20122008198019921998
Current release4.1.3, July 202323c, September 202317, July 20157.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageCJavaC and C++C
Server operating systemshostedBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesyes
Secondary indexesrestrictedrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infowith proprietary extensionsyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin PythonnoPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleyes, in C/C++, Java, .Net or Perlyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnoyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding, horizontal partitioningnoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoDatabase mirroringChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesno infocan be realized in PL/SQLnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemnoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon RedshiftCassandraOracleSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server AnywhereVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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More resources
Amazon RedshiftCassandraOracleSAP SQL Anywhere infoformerly called Adaptive Server AnywhereVirtuoso
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