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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. GraphDB vs. MariaDB vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. GraphDB vs. MariaDB vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsAnalytic DBMS for HadoopEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.Widely used RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score19.03
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.10
Rank#100  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score93.81
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score1234.27
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftimpala.apache.orgwww.ontotext.commariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
www.oracle.com/­database
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarydocs.oracle.com/­en/­database
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)Apache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaOntotextMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
Oracle
Initial release2012201320002009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 19951980
Current release4.1.0, June 202210.4, October 202311.3.2, February 202423c, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availablecommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++JavaC and C++C and C++
Server operating systemshostedLinuxAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyes infoDynamic columns are supportedyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columns
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyesyes
Secondary indexesrestrictedyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardSQL-like DML and DDL statementsstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducewell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3PL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possible
Triggersnononoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesselectable replication factorMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono infocan be realized in PL/SQL
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemnoyes infoConstraint checkingyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACID infoisolation level can be parameterized
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes infowith MEMORY storage engineyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon RedshiftApache ImpalaGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMariaDBOracle
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more
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