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DBMS > 4D vs. Cachelot.io vs. Cassandra vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Cachelot.io vs. Cassandra vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonCachelot.io  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemIn-memory caching systemWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeWide column storeGraph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#60  Key-value stores
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comcachelot.iocassandra.apache.orgneo4j.comwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestneo4j.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookNeo4j, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release19842015200820071989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 20235.19, April 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoSimplified BSD LicenseOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++JavaJava, ScalaC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-free and schema-optionalyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesnorestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92noSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
Memcached protocolProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesnoyesyes infovia event handleryes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infono "single point of failure"yes using Neo4j Fabricpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationnoneselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencynoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnono infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesnoyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsnoAccess rights for users can be defined per objectUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionCachelot.ioCassandraNeo4jPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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