DB-EnginesInfluxDB: Focus on building software with an easy-to-use serverless, scalable time series platformEnglish
Deutsch
Knowledge Base of Relational and NoSQL Database Management Systemsprovided by solid IT

DBMS > NebulaGraph vs. Neo4j vs. Oracle vs. SQLite vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison NebulaGraph vs. Neo4j vs. Oracle vs. SQLite vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsWidely used RDBMSWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelGraph DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitegithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
neo4j.comwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.sqlite.orgwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationdocs.nebula-graph.ioneo4j.com/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperVesoft Inc.Neo4j, Inc.OracleDwayne Richard HippStardog-Union
Initial release20192007198020002010
Current release5.19, April 202423c, September 20233.45.3  (15 April 2024), April 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoPublic Domaincommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageC++Java, ScalaC and C++CJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
server-lessLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeStrong typed schemaschema-free and schema-optionalyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes infodynamic column typesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenoyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsBrowser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possiblenouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyes infovia event handleryesyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyes using Neo4j FabricSharding, horizontal partitioningnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesCausal Clustering using Raft protocolCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
noneMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono infocan be realized in PL/SQLnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyes infoRelationships in graphsyesyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infovia file-system locksyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infousing RocksDByesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
NebulaGraphNeo4jOracleSQLiteStardog
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
News

This Week in Neo4j: Nodes 2024, Data Modelling, Events, Knowledge Graphs and more
27 April 2024

GQL is Here: Your Cypher Queries in a GQL World
26 April 2024

GQL: The ISO Standard for Graphs Has Arrived
25 April 2024

What Is Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)?
24 April 2024

This Week in Neo4j: Google Cloud, Analysis, Knowledge Graph, Relationships and more
20 April 2024

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat for Oracle improves the efficiency and productivity of Oracle developers and administrators with a streamlined working environment.
» more

Devart ODBC driver for Oracle accesses Oracle databases from ODBC-compliant reporting, analytics, BI, and ETL tools on both 32 and 64-bit Windows, macOS, and Linux.
» more
Navicat for SQLite is a powerful and comprehensive SQLite GUI that provides a complete set of functions for database management and development.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources
NebulaGraphNeo4jOracleSQLiteStardog
DB-Engines blog posts

Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones
12 June 2019, Amy Hodler & Mark Needham, Neo4j (guest author)

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

The openCypher Project: Help Shape the SQL for Graphs
22 December 2015, Emil Eifrem (guest author)

show all

MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019
3 January 2020, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire
2 May 2017, Paul Andlinger

Architecting eCommerce Platforms for Zero Downtime on Black Friday and Beyond
25 November 2016, Tony Branson (guest author)

show all

Big gains for Relational Database Management Systems in DB-Engines Ranking
2 February 2016, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

Conferences, events and webinars

Oracle Cloud World
Las Vegas, 9-12 September 2024

Recent citations in the news

NebulaGraph Enterprise v5.0: The First Distributed Graph Database to Offer Native GQL Support
18 April 2024, PR Newswire

NebulaGraph Enterprise v3.7.0 Empowers Enterprises to Build Knowledge Graphs with a Few Clicks
3 April 2024, PR Newswire

NebulaGraph reaps from China’s growing appetite for graph databases
16 September 2022, TechCrunch

Vesoft (NebulaGraph) Recognized in the Gartner® Market Guide for Graph Database Management Systems
15 November 2023, PR Newswire

Beginner’s Guide to NebulaGraph Database | by Ng Wai Foong
26 October 2022, Towards Data Science

provided by Google News

Neo4j Announces Collaboration with Microsoft to Advance GenAI and Data Solutions USA - English - India - English
26 March 2024, PR Newswire

Neo4j Is Planning IPO on Nasdaq, Largest Owner Greenbridge Says
15 February 2024, Bloomberg

Using Neo4j’s graph database for AI in Azure
4 April 2024, InfoWorld

Neo4j CTO says new Graph Query Language standard will have 'massive ripple effects'
27 April 2024, SiliconANGLE News

Leveraging Neo4j and Amazon Bedrock for an Explainable, Secure, and Connected Generative AI Solution | Amazon ...
10 November 2023, AWS Blog

provided by Google News

Blog Theme - Details
2 May 2024, Oracle

Oracle Database 23ai - all of your data should be in one place, argues CTO Larry Ellison
3 May 2024, diginomica

Leading Industry Analysts Comment on the Release of Oracle Database 23ai
2 May 2024, Oracle

What to Expect From 23ai, Oracle's Latest Database Release
3 May 2024, Acceleration Economy

Oracle Database 23ai Brings the Power of AI to Enterprise Data and Applications
3 May 2024, Datanami

provided by Google News

Fully local retrieval-augmented generation, step by step
10 April 2024, InfoWorld

SQLite Vulnerability Could Put Thousands of Apps at Risk
22 March 2024, Dark Reading

SQLite's new support for binary JSON is similar but different from a PostgreSQL feature • DEVCLASS
16 January 2024, DevClass

Universal API Access from Postgres and SQLite
27 February 2024, O'Reilly Media

A Closer Look at the Top 3 Embedded Databases: SQLite, RocksDB, and DuckDB
29 August 2023, hackernoon.com

provided by Google News



Share this page

Featured Products

RaimaDB logo

RaimaDB, embedded database for mission-critical applications. When performance, footprint and reliability matters.
Try RaimaDB for free.

AllegroGraph logo

Graph Database Leader for AI Knowledge Graph Applications - The Most Secure Graph Database Available.
Free Download

Datastax Astra logo

Bring all your data to Generative AI applications with vector search enabled by the most scalable
vector database available.
Try for Free

Neo4j logo

See for yourself how a graph database can make your life easier.
Use Neo4j online for free.

Milvus logo

Vector database designed for GenAI, fully equipped for enterprise implementation.
Try Managed Milvus for Free

Present your product here