DBMS > Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. Tarantool
System Properties Comparison Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostgreSQL vs. SAP SQL Anywhere vs. Tarantool
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| Name | Microsoft SQL Server Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | SAP SQL Anywhere  formerly called Adaptive Server Anywhere Xexclude from comparison | Tarantool Xexclude from comparison | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Microsofts flagship relational DBMS | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | RDBMS database and synchronization technologies for server, desktop, remote office, and mobile environments | In-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applications | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Relational DBMS | Document store Key-value store Relational DBMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Spatial DBMS with Tarantool/GIS extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server | www.postgresql.org | www.sap.com/products/technology-platform/sql-anywhere.html | www.tarantool.io | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server | www.postgresql.org/docs | help.sap.com/docs/SAP_SQL_Anywhere | www.tarantool.io/en/doc | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Microsoft | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | SAP formerly Sybase | VK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 1989 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 1992 | 2008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | SQL Server 2022, November 2022 | 16.2, February 2024 | 17, July 2015 | 2.10.0, May 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial restricted free version is available | Open Source BSD | commercial | Open Source BSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool Enterprise | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | C++ | C | C and C++ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Linux Windows | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | AIX HP-UX Linux OS X Solaris Windows | BSD Linux macOS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | yes | yes | Flexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columns | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | string, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetime | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | yes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes | yes standard with numerous extensions | yes | Full-featured ANSI SQL support | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC OLE DB Tabular Data Stream (TDS) | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | ADO.NET HTTP API JDBC ODBC | Open binary protocol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C# C++ Delphi Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) PHP Python R Ruby Visual Basic | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C C# C++ Delphi Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Ruby | C C# C++ Erlang Go Java JavaScript Lua Perl PHP Python Rust | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | yes, in C/C++, Java, .Net or Perl | Lua, C and SQL stored procedures | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes | yes | yes | yes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session events | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | none | Sharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Source-replica replication Database mirroring | Asynchronous replication with multi-master option Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star) Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Casual consistency across sharding partitions Eventual consistency within replicaset partition when using asyncronous replicationImmediate Consistency within single instance Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition when using Raft | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | ACID | ACID | ACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes, cooperative multitasking | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes, write ahead logging | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | no | yes | yes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistence | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Access Control Lists Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise Password based authentication Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise Users and Roles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Microsoft SQL Server | PostgreSQL | SAP SQL Anywhere formerly called Adaptive Server Anywhere | Tarantool | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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