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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Splunk vs. SQL.JS

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Splunk vs. SQL.JS

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSplunk  Xexclude from comparisonSQL.JS  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used in-process key-value storeWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLAnalytics Platform for Big DataPort of SQLite to JavaScript
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Search engineRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score22.71
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score2.52
Rank#114  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score88.71
Rank#14  Overall
#2  Search engines
Score0.57
Rank#248  Overall
#114  Relational DBMS
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.postgresql.orgwww.splunk.comsql.js.org
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.splunk.com/­Documentation/­Splunksql.js.org/­documentation/­index.html
DeveloperMicrosoftOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSplunk Inc.Alon Zakai infoenhancements implemented by others
Initial release201619941989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20032012
Current release18.1.40, May 202016.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial infoLimited free edition and free developer edition availableOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)CJavaScript
Server operating systemshostedAIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno infoSplunk Search Processing Language for search commandsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP RESTJavaScript API
Supported programming languagesC#
Java
PHP
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
JavaScript
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresTransact SQLnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesno
Triggersnoyes infoonly for the SQL APIyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding, horizontal partitioningnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replicationnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDno infoA 'Transaction' in Splunk has a different meaning: grouping related events into a single one for later searchingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesno infoexcept by serializing a db to a file
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesno

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseOracle Berkeley DBPostgreSQLSplunkSQL.JS
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