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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. Valentina Server vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. Valentina Server vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonValentina Server  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLObject-relational database and reports serverA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#327  Overall
#145  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.postgresql.orgwww.valentina-db.netgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.postgresql.org/­docsvalentina-db.com/­docs/­dokuwiki/­v5/­doku.phpwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerParadigma SoftwareJuxt Ltd.
Initial release201420101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL19992019
Current releaseV1216.3, May 20245.7.51.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CClojure
Server operating systemshostedhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infoJSON typesyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyeslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ODBCHTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
Visual Basic
Visual Basic.NET
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJavaScriptTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesno
TriggersJavaScriptyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodswith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQLValentina ServerXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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