DBMS > Microsoft Access vs. PostgreSQL vs. SingleStore vs. TiDB
System Properties Comparison Microsoft Access vs. PostgreSQL vs. SingleStore vs. TiDB
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| Name | Microsoft Access Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | SingleStore  former name was MemSQL Xexclude from comparison | TiDB Xexclude from comparison | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Microsoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. The Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.) | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | MySQL wire-compliant distributed RDBMS that combines an in-memory row-oriented and a disc-based column-oriented storage with patented universal storage to handle transactional and analytical workloads in one single table type | TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Document store Spatial DBMS Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Document store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/access | www.postgresql.org | www.singlestore.com | pingcap.com | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | developer.microsoft.com/en-us/access | www.postgresql.org/docs | docs.singlestore.com | docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Microsoft | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | SingleStore Inc. | PingCAP, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 1992 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2013 | 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 1902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 2019 | 16.2, February 2024 | 8.5, January 2024 | 8.0.0, March 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial Bundled with Microsoft Office | Open Source BSD | commercial free developer edition available | Open Source Apache 2.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools. | SingleStoreDB Cloud: The world's fastest, modern cloud database for both operational (OLTP) and analytical (OLAP) workloads. Available instantly with multi-cloud and hybrid-cloud capabilities | TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | C++ | C | C++, Go | Go, Rust | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Windows Not a real database server, but making use of DLLs | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux 64 bit version required | Linux | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | yes but not compliant to any SQL standard | yes standard with numerous extensions | yes but no triggers and foreign keys | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | ADO.NET DAO ODBC OLE DB | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | Cluster Management API as HTTP Rest and CLI HTTP API JDBC MongoDB API ODBC | GORM JDBC ODBC Proprietary protocol SQLAlchemy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | C C# C++ Delphi Java (JDBC-ODBC) VBA Visual Basic.NET | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | Bash C C# Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | Ada C C# C++ D Delphi Eiffel Erlang Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C OCaml Perl PHP Python Ruby Scheme Tcl | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes since Access 2010 using the ACE-engine | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | yes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | yes since Access 2010 using the ACE-engine | yes | no | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | none | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding hash partitioning | horizontal partitioning (by key range) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | none | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Source-replica replication stores two copies of each physical data partition on two separate nodes | Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no can define user-defined aggregate functions for map-reduce-style calculations | yes with TiSpark Connector | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes | yes | no | yes full support since version 6.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID but no files for transaction logging | ACID | ACID | ACID | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes but no files for transaction logging | yes | yes All updates are persistent, including those to disk-based columnstores and memory-based row stores. Transaction commits are supported via write-ahead log. | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | no a simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003 | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Fine grained access control via users, groups and roles | Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microsoft Access | PostgreSQL | SingleStore former name was MemSQL | TiDB | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | SingleStore offers a fully-managed , distributed, highly-scalable SQL database designed... » more | TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | SingleStore’s competitive advantages include: Easy and Simplified Architecture with... » more | - HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | Driving Fast Analytics: SingleStore delivers the fastest and most scalable reporting... » more | TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | IEX Cloud : Improves Financial Data Distribution Speed 15x with Singlestore DB Comcast,... » more | Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | Customers in various industries worldwide including US and International Industry... » more | 34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | F ree Tier and Enterprise Edition » more | TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 3rd parties | Timescale: Calling all PostgreSQL users – the 2023 State of PostgreSQL survey is now open! Share your favorite extensions, preferred frameworks, community experiences, and more. Take the survey today!
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microsoft Access | PostgreSQL | SingleStore former name was MemSQL | TiDB | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | MS Access drops in DB-Engines Ranking Microsoft SQL Server regained rank 2 in the DB-Engines popularity ranking New DB-Engines Ranking shows the popularity of database management systems | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | Turbocharge Your Application Development Using WebAssembly With SingleStoreDB Cloud-Based Analytics With SingleStoreDB SingleStore: The Increasing Momentum of Multi-Model Database Systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conferences, events and webinars | Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Recent citations in the news | Abusing Microsoft Access "Linked Table" Feature to Perform NTLM Forced Authentication Attacks Hackers Exploit Microsoft Access Feature to Steal Windows User’s NTLM Tokens MS access program to increase awareness and independence of those living with MS and disability ACCDE File (What It Is and How to Open One) After installing Navisworks, Office 2016 (32-bit) applications stopped launching provided by Google News | Automatically Generate Types for Your PostgreSQL Database Baffle Delivers Enterprise-Grade Data Security for PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS and Amazon Aurora Why PostgreSQL Is the Bedrock for the Future of Data Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need Your MySQL 5.7 and PostgreSQL 11 databases will be automatically enrolled into Amazon RDS Extended Support ... provided by Google News | SingleStore CEO sees little future for purpose-built vector databases SingleStore Announces Real-time Data Platform to Further Accelerate AI, Analytics and Application Development SingleStore adds indexed vector search to Pro Max release for faster AI work – Blocks and Files Leveraging SingleStoreDB Cloud Private Connectivity Using AWS PrivateLink | Amazon Web Services Announcing watsonx.ai and SingleStore for generative AI applications provided by Google News | How PingCAP transformed TiDB into a serverless DBaaS using Amazon S3 and Amazon EBS | Amazon Web Services How a new database architecture supports scale and reliability in TiDB TiDB by PingCAP Leads Data Management Revolution at GIDS 2024, Empowering India's Burgeoning Developer ... PingCAP Launches TiDB 7.5, Enhancing Distributed SQL Database Tech Google Cloud's C3D Instances Provide Strong Performance Value For PingCAP's TiDB provided by Google News | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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