DBMS > etcd vs. JanusGraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OpenMLDB vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. JanusGraph vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OpenMLDB vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed reliable key-value store

A Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters

It was forked from the latest code base of Titan in January 2017

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

An open-source machine learning database that provides a feature platform for training and inference

Widely used RDBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	1.94
Rank	#129	Overall
	#12	Graph DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.02
Rank	#367	Overall
	#37	Time Series DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

janusgraph.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

openmldb.ai

www.oracle.com/database

Technical documentation

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

docs.janusgraph.org

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

openmldb.ai/docs/zh/main

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

Linux Foundation; originally developed as Titan by Aurelius

Microsoft

4 Paradigm Inc.

Oracle

Initial release

2017

1989

2020

1980

Current release

3.4, August 2019

0.6.3, February 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

2024-2 February 2024

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

C++, Java, Scala

C and C++

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Fixed schema

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
SQLAlchemy

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

Clojure
Java
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

depending on the used storage backend (e.g. Cassandra, HBase, BerkeleyDB)

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal partitioning

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

yes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Faunus, a graph analytics engine

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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