DBMS > JanusGraph vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NebulaGraph vs. OpenQM

System Properties Comparison JanusGraph vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. NebulaGraph vs. OpenQM

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters

It was forked from the latest code base of Titan in January 2017

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

QpenQM is a high-performance, self-tuning, multi-value DBMS

Primary database model

Graph DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Multivalue DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.94
Rank	#129	Overall
	#12	Graph DBMS

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	2.14
Rank	#120	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	0.27
Rank	#298	Overall
	#10	Multivalue DBMS

Website

janusgraph.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.rocketsoftware.com/products/rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/rocket-open-qm

Technical documentation

docs.janusgraph.org

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

docs.nebula-graph.io

Developer

Linux Foundation; originally developed as Titan by Aurelius

Microsoft

Vesoft Inc.

Rocket Software, originally Martin Phillips

Initial release

2017

2014

2010

2019

1993

Current release

0.6.3, February 2023

V12

3.4-12

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

hosted

Linux

AIX
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Strong typed schema

yes

with some exceptions

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

Supported programming languages

Clojure
Java
Python

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
Basic
C
Java
Objective C
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

Transact SQL

user defined functions

yes

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

depending on the used storage backend (e.g. Cassandra, HBase, BerkeleyDB)

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes, with always 3 replicas available

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Faunus, a graph analytics engine

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.