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DBMS > Ingres vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWell established RDBMSOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.63
Rank#79  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score4.15
Rank#70  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#8  Search engines
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.progress.com/­marklogicazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingreswww.progress.com/­marklogic/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperActian CorporationMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s200120101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release12.0, July 202411.0, December 2022V1216.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageCC++C++C
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infoSQL92yesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres Replicatoryesyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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Related products and services
3rd partiesNavicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
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Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL
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Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
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SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
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pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
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CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
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More resources
IngresMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQL
DB-Engines blog posts

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2020
4 January 2021, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates
12 December 2019, Paul Andlinger

The popularity of cloud-based DBMSs has increased tenfold in four years
7 February 2017, Matthias Gelbmann

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PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023
2 January 2024, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year
3 January 2023, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021
3 January 2022, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

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Conferences, events and webinars

Progress MarkLogic World
Washington DC, 23-25 September 2024

PASS Data Community Summit
Seattle, Washington, 4-8 November 2024

Recent citations in the news

Actian Launches Ingres 12.0 Database
4 June 2024, PR Newswire

New startup from Postgres creator puts the database at heart of software stack
12 March 2024, TechCrunch

Postgres pioneer Michael Stonebraker promises to upend the database once more
26 December 2023, The Register

Actian Launches Ingres as a Fully-Managed Cloud Service
24 September 2021, Integration Developers

Actian Avalanche Real-Time Connected Data Warehouse adds integration
28 April 2020, TechTarget

provided by Google News

Progress Software announces speaker lineup for MarkLogic World Tour US
18 September 2024, TipRanks

Progress Brings Industry Leaders Together to Share Insights on AI and Data at MarkLogic World Tour US 2024
18 September 2024, Progress Investor Relations

Progress Brings Industry Leaders Together to Share Insights on AI and Data at MarkLogic World Tour US 2024
18 September 2024, StockTitan

Progress Announces Powerful New Generative AI Capabilities in Latest Release of MarkLogic Server
5 September 2024, Yahoo Finance

Vantage Closes Wholesale Deal in Santa Clara
30 May 2024, Data Center Knowledge

provided by Google News

Public Preview: New Azure SQL Database skills introduced to Microsoft Copilot in Azure
21 May 2024, azure.microsoft.com

General availability: Azure SQL updates for late-May 2024
21 May 2024, azure.microsoft.com

Public Preview: Azure SQL updates for late-May 2024
21 May 2024, azure.microsoft.com

Getting started with delivering generative AI capabilities in SQL Server and Azure SQL
26 June 2024, Microsoft

Copilot in Azure SQL Database in Private Preview
27 March 2024, InfoQ.com

provided by Google News

YugabyteDB evolves into a distributed PostgreSQL database for apps that need resilience and scale
19 September 2024, SiliconANGLE News

YugabyteDB 2.19 gets new PostgreSQL-compatibility features
19 September 2024, InfoWorld

YugabyteDB Evolves PostgreSQL to a Distributed Architecture for Modern, Cloud-Native Applications
19 September 2024, businesswire.com

Latest YugabyteDB update enables distributed PostgreSQL
19 September 2024, SDTimes.com

MongoDB takes a swing at PostgreSQL after claiming wins against rival
30 August 2024, The Register

provided by Google News



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