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DBMS > Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. QuestDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.24
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.81
Rank#98  Overall
#7  Time Series DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
azure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.postgresql.orgquestdb.io
Technical documentationdocs.immudb.iodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.postgresql.org/­docsquestdb.io/­docs
DeveloperCodenotaryMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerQuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release202020101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2014
Current release1.2.3, April 2022V1216.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageGoC++CJava (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like syntaxyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersnoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
ImmudbMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQLQuestDB
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More resources
ImmudbMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQLQuestDB
DB-Engines blog posts

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2020
4 January 2021, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

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Conferences, events and webinars

PASS Data Community Summit
Seattle, Washington, 4-8 November 2024

Recent citations in the news

A Step by Step Guide to immudb — the open source immutable database
18 May 2020, hackernoon.com

immudb (immutable database) ‘tamper-proof’ database
14 December 2021, ComputerWeekly.com

ImmuDB and Codenotary: It's a database, but the company isn't
20 December 2021, ZDNet

How Open-Source Database immudb Plans to Handle All That Metaverse Data
10 October 2022, Acceleration Economy

Immudb: Open-source database, built on a zero trust model
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provided by Google News

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Public Preview: Azure SQL updates for late-May 2024
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General availability: Azure SQL updates for late-May 2024
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SQL Extensions for Time-Series Data in QuestDB
11 January 2021, Towards Data Science

QuestDB snares $12M Series A with hosted version coming soon
3 November 2021, TechCrunch

QuestDB gets $12M Series A funding amid growing interest in time-series databases
3 November 2021, SiliconANGLE News

Read the Pitch Deck Database Startup QuestDB Used to Raise $12 Million
11 November 2021, Business Insider

Comparing Different Time-Series Databases
10 February 2022, hackernoon.com

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