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DBMS > HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. RethinkDB vs. Teradata

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. RethinkDB vs. Teradata

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.A hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.14
Rank#85  Overall
#46  Relational DBMS
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.58
Rank#105  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score41.47
Rank#22  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Websitehsqldb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.postgresql.orgrethinkdb.comwww.teradata.com
Technical documentationhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.postgresql.org/­docsrethinkdb.com/­docsdocs.teradata.com
DeveloperMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017Teradata
Initial release200120101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20091984
Current release2.7.2, June 2023V1216.4, August 20242.4.1, August 2020Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaC++CC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometryyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.noyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash index
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoyes infoSQL 2016 + extensions
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava, SQLTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallel
TriggersyesyesyesClient-side triggers through changefeedsyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding inforange basedSharding infoHashing
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDAtomic single-document operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCC basedyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousers and table-level permissionsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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3rd partiesNavicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
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SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
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Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
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CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
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More resources
HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQLRethinkDBTeradata
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