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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Hypertable vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Hypertable vs. Kdb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSAn open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopHigh performance Time Series DBMSDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.57
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score7.55
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgkx.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docscode.kx.comdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperHypertable Inc.Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release201820092000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 200320101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release0.10, February 20240.9.8.11, March 20163.6, May 2018V1216.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availablecommercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++C++qC++C
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoSQL-like query language (q)yesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
C++ API
Thrift
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functionsTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnonoyes infowith viewsyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardinghorizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneselectable replication factor on file system levelSource-replica replicationyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesno infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnonorights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
DuckDBHypertableKdbMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
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More resources
DuckDBHypertableKdbMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQL
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