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DBMS > DuckDB vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison DuckDB vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDuckDB  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAn embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMSAn open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.46
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score78.51
Rank#15  Overall
#10  Relational DBMS
Score634.91
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteduckdb.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationduckdb.org/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperHypertable Inc.MicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release2018200920101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release0.10, February 20240.9.8.11, March 2016V1216.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++C++C++C
Server operating systemsserver-lessLinux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsArrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
C++ API
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC
C# info3rd party driver
C++
Crystal info3rd party driver
Go info3rd party driver
Java
Lisp info3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby info3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig info3rd party driver
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneselectable replication factor on file system levelyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
DuckDBHypertableMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQL
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