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DBMS > Derby vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Derby vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameDerby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.RDF storeGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.71
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.69
Rank#230  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitedb.apache.org/­derbyazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.postgresql.orgrdf4j.orggithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationdb.apache.org/­derby/­manuals/­index.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.postgresql.org/­docsrdf4j.org/­documentationgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperApache Software FoundationMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Aurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release199720101989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20042012
Current release10.17.1.0, November 2023V1216.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++CJavaJava
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoRDF Schemasyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnono
APIs and other access methodsJDBCADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
PHP
Python
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored ProceduresTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesyes
Triggersyesyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnoneyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
Derby infooften called Apache Derby, originally IBM Cloudscape; contained in the Java SDK as JavaDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgreSQLRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameTitan
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