DBMS > Couchbase vs. etcd vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. PostgreSQL vs. TerarkDB
System Properties Comparison Couchbase vs. etcd vs. Google Cloud Firestore vs. PostgreSQL vs. TerarkDB
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Name | Couchbase Originally called Membase Xexclude from comparison | etcd Xexclude from comparison | Google Cloud Firestore Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | TerarkDB Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | A distributed document store with integrated cache, a powerful search engine, in-built operational and analytical capabilities, and an embedded mobile database | A distributed reliable key-value store | Cloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products. | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | A key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Document store | Key-value store | Document store | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Key-value store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Key-value store originating from the former Membase product and supporting the Memcached protocol Spatial DBMS using the Geocouch extension Search engine Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache Age Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | www.couchbase.com | etcd.io github.com/etcd-io/etcd | firebase.google.com/products/firestore | www.postgresql.org | github.com/bytedance/terarkdb | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | docs.couchbase.com | etcd.io/docs github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation | firebase.google.com/docs/firestore | www.postgresql.org/docs | bytedance.larkoffice.com/docs/doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | Couchbase, Inc. | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | ByteDance, originally Terark | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2011 | 2017 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2016 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | Server: 7.2, June 2023; Mobile: 3.1, March 2022; Couchbase Capella (DBaaS), June 2023 | 3.4, August 2019 | 16.3, May 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Business Source License (BSL 1.1); Commercial licenses also available | Open Source Apache Version 2.0 | commercial | Open Source BSD | commercial restricted open source version available | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | yes | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Implementation language | C, C++, Go and Erlang | Go | C | C++ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | Linux OS X Windows | FreeBSD Linux Windows experimental | hosted | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free | schema-free | schema-free | yes | schema-free | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | no | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes | no | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | SQL++, extends ANSI SQL to JSON for operational, transactional, and analytic use cases | no | no | yes standard with numerous extensions | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | CLI Client HTTP REST Kafka Connector Native language bindings for CRUD, Query, Search and Analytics APIs Spark Connector Spring Data | gRPC JSON over HTTP | Android gRPC (using protocol buffers) API iOS JavaScript API RESTful HTTP API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | C++ API Java API | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | .Net C Go Java JavaScript Node.js Kotlin PHP Python Ruby Scala | .Net C C++ Clojure Erlang Go Haskell Java JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python R Ruby Rust Scala Tcl | Go Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) Objective-C Python | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBC JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C++ Java | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | Functions and timers in JavaScript and UDFs in Java, Python, SQL++ | no | yes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functions | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | yes via the TAP protocol | yes, watching key changes | yes, with Cloud Functions | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Automatic Sharding | Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | none | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-source replication including cross data center replication Source-replica replication | Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas. | Multi-source replication | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | none | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | yes | no | Using Cloud Dataflow | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency selectable on a per-operation basis | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | no | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | no | yes | ACID | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes Ephemeral buckets | no | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | User and Administrator separation with password-based and LDAP integrated Authentication. Role-base access control. | no | Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth. | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Couchbase Originally called Membase | etcd | Google Cloud Firestore | PostgreSQL | TerarkDB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | Couchbase climbs up the DB-Engines Ranking, increasing its popularity by 10% every month | Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conferences, events and webinars | Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recent citations in the news | Database company Couchbase files for U.S. IPO Couchbase Announces New Features to Accelerate AI-Powered Adaptive Applications for Customers Insider Sale: Matthew Cain Sells 10,053 Shares of Couchbase Inc (BASE) Baird Maintains Couchbase (BASE) Outperform Recommendation Couchbase's database gets support for vector search and retrieval-augmented generation provided by Google News | Monitor Amazon EKS Control Plane metrics using AWS Open Source monitoring services | Amazon Web Services Apache APISIX Without etcd? RBI reiterates need for underlying forex exposure for rupee derivatives transactions | Mint Killing a market, softly: How an RBI communique could end India's thriving ETCD market Public preview: AKS cluster control plane metrics in managed Prometheus | Azure updates provided by Google News | Realtime vs Cloud Firestore: Which Firebase Database to go? Google's AI-First Strategy Brings Vector Support To Cloud Databases Google's Cloud Firestore is now generally available Google launches Cloud Firestore, a new document database for app developers Google's Cloud-Native NoSQL Database Cloud Firestore Is Now Generally Available provided by Google News | Let PostgreSQL Pick An Index For You Continuously replicate Amazon DynamoDB changes to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL using AWS Lambda | Amazon ... Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need ServiceNow trades MariaDB for RaptorDB (PostgreSQL) General availability: Microsoft Entra ID integration with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL | Azure updates provided by Google News |
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