DBMS > Couchbase vs. CrateDB vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL vs. Riak TS
System Properties Comparison Couchbase vs. CrateDB vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL vs. Riak TS
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Name | Couchbase Originally called Membase Xexclude from comparison | CrateDB Xexclude from comparison | Neo4j Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | Riak TS Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Description | A distributed document store with integrated cache, a powerful search engine, in-built operational and analytical capabilities, and an embedded mobile database | Distributed Database based on Lucene | Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | Riak TS is a distributed NoSQL database optimized for time series data and based on Riak KV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Primary database model | Document store | Document store Spatial DBMS Search engine Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Graph DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Time Series DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary database models | Key-value store originating from the former Membase product and supporting the Memcached protocol Spatial DBMS using the Geocouch extension Search engine Time Series DBMS Vector DBMS | Relational DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache Age Spatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Website | www.couchbase.com | cratedb.com | neo4j.com | www.postgresql.org | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Technical documentation | docs.couchbase.com | cratedb.com/docs | neo4j.com/docs | www.postgresql.org/docs | www.tiot.jp/riak-docs/riak/ts/latest | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Developer | Couchbase, Inc. | Crate | Neo4j, Inc. | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | Open Source, formerly Basho Technologies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Initial release | 2011 | 2013 | 2007 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current release | Server: 7.2, June 2023; Mobile: 3.1, March 2022; Couchbase Capella (DBaaS), June 2023 | 5.19, April 2024 | 16.2, February 2024 | 3.0.0, September 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source Business Source License (BSL 1.1); Commercial licenses also available | Open Source | Open Source GPL version3, commercial licenses available | Open Source BSD | Open Source | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform. | Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers. | Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Implementation language | C, C++, Go and Erlang | Java | Java, Scala | C | Erlang | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server operating systems | Linux OS X Windows | All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator support | Linux Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database. OS X Solaris Windows | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux OS X | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Data scheme | schema-free | Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) | schema-free and schema-optional | yes | schema-free | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene | yes | restricted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SQL Support of SQL | SQL++, extends ANSI SQL to JSON for operational, transactional, and analytic use cases | yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibility | no | yes standard with numerous extensions | yes, limited | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
APIs and other access methods | CLI Client HTTP REST Kafka Connector Native language bindings for CRUD, Query, Search and Analytics APIs Spark Connector Spring Data | ADO.NET JDBC ODBC PostgreSQL wire protocol Prometheus Remote Read/Write RESTful HTTP API | Bolt protocol Cypher query language Java API Neo4j-OGM Object Graph Mapper RESTful HTTP API Spring Data Neo4j TinkerPop 3 | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | HTTP API Native Erlang Interface | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Supported programming languages | .Net C Go Java JavaScript Node.js Kotlin PHP Python Ruby Scala | .NET Erlang Go community maintained client Java JavaScript (Node.js) community maintained client Perl community maintained client PHP Python R Ruby community maintained client Scala community maintained client | .Net Clojure Elixir Go Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBC JavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | C unofficial client library C# C++ unofficial client library Clojure unofficial client library Dart unofficial client library Erlang Go unofficial client library Groovy unofficial client library Haskell unofficial client library Java JavaScript unofficial client library Lisp unofficial client library Perl unofficial client library PHP Python Ruby Scala unofficial client library Smalltalk unofficial client library | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Server-side scripts Stored procedures | Functions and timers in JavaScript and UDFs in Java, Python, SQL++ | user defined functions (Javascript) | yes User defined Procedures and Functions | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | Erlang | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Triggers | yes via the TAP protocol | no | yes via event handler | yes | yes pre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Automatic Sharding | Sharding | yes using Neo4j Fabric | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Sharding | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | Multi-source replication including cross data center replication Source-replica replication | Configurable replication on table/partition-level | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol available in in Enterprise Version only | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | selectable replication factor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | yes | no | no | no | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency selectable on a per-operation basis | Eventual Consistency Read-after-write consistency on record level | Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode | Immediate Consistency | Eventual Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | yes Relationships in graphs | yes | no links between datasets can be stored | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | no unique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategy | ACID | ACID | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes Ephemeral buckets | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
User concepts Access control | User and Administrator separation with password-based and LDAP integrated Authentication. Role-base access control. | rights management via user accounts | Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos) | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Couchbase Originally called Membase | CrateDB | Neo4j | PostgreSQL | Riak TS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Specific characteristics | The enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native... » more | Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Competitive advantages | Response time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling... » more | Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Typical application scenarios | IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics... » more | Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Key customers | Across all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most... » more | Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Market metrics | The CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®... » more | Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Licensing and pricing models | See CrateDB pricing > » more | GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial... » more | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
News | This Week in Neo4j: GraphRAG, Knowledge Graphs, Open Source AI, GraphQL and more This Week in Neo4j: Nodes 2024, Data Modelling, Events, Knowledge Graphs and more GQL is Here: Your Cypher Queries in a GQL World GQL: The ISO Standard for Graphs Has Arrived What Is Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)? | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Couchbase Originally called Membase | CrateDB | Neo4j | PostgreSQL | Riak TS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DB-Engines blog posts | Couchbase climbs up the DB-Engines Ranking, increasing its popularity by 10% every month | Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking The openCypher Project: Help Shape the SQL for Graphs | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Conferences, events and webinars | Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Recent citations in the news | Couchbase Archives Couchbase Survey Finds Enterprises Plan Massive Spend on AI, with Over $21M Allocated in 2023-24 With 67% ownership in Couchbase, Inc. (NASDAQ:BASE), institutional investors have a lot riding on the business Couchbase Announces New Features to Accelerate AI-Powered Adaptive Applications for Customers Couchbase, Inc. (BASE) Reports Q2 Loss, Tops Revenue Estimates provided by Google News | CrateDB Partners with HiveMQ to Deliver a Seamless Data Management Architecture for IoT CrateDB Announces Availability of CrateDB on Google Cloud Marketplace CrateDB Appoints Sergey Gerasimenko as New CTO How We Designed CrateDB as a Realtime SQL DBMS for the Internet of Things Real-Time Analytics Database Company CrateDB Names Lars Färnström as New CEO provided by Google News | Neo4j Announces Collaboration with Microsoft to Advance GenAI and Data Solutions USA - English - India - English Neo4j Is Planning IPO on Nasdaq, Largest Owner Greenbridge Says Using Neo4j’s graph database for AI in Azure Neo4j CTO says new Graph Query Language standard will have 'massive ripple effects' Leveraging Neo4j and Amazon Bedrock for an Explainable, Secure, and Connected Generative AI Solution | Amazon ... provided by Google News | Automatically Generate Types for Your PostgreSQL Database PostgreSQL Security Flaws Let Attackers Execute Code Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need Baffle Delivers Enterprise-Grade Data Security for PostgreSQL on Amazon RDS and Amazon Aurora Your MySQL 5.7 and PostgreSQL 11 databases will be automatically enrolled into Amazon RDS Extended Support ... provided by Google News | Basho brings open source Riak TS database for IoT Best open source databases for IoT applications provided by Google News |
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