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DBMS > CouchDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison CouchDB vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Access vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelDocument storeKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score104.92
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitecouchdb.apache.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accesswww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stablegithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accesswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerGoogleMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer8Kdata
Initial release2005201119921989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2016
Current release3.3.3, December 20231.23, February 20211902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 201916.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSDcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficeOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageErlangC++C++CJava
Server operating systemsAndroid
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Windows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenonoyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyes infovia viewsnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresView functions in JavaScriptnoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesnoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0nonenonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
nonenoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoatomic operations within a single document possiblenoACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per databasenono infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
CouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"LevelDBMicrosoft AccessPostgreSQLToroDB
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