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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Neo4j vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Neo4j vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonOracle NoSQL  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsA multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodesEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelWide column storeGraph DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score103.86
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score44.47
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score2.96
Rank#103  Overall
#18  Document stores
#17  Key-value stores
#52  Relational DBMS
Score2.05
Rank#129  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orgneo4j.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­nosql/­technologies/­nosqlwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestneo4j.com/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­nosql-database/­index.htmldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookNeo4j, Inc.OracleStardog-Union
Initial release2008200720112010
Current release4.1.3, July 20235.19, April 202423.3, December 20237.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoProprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaJava, ScalaJavaJava
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free and schema-optionalSupport Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesoptionalyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noSQL-like DML and DDL statementsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
RESTful HTTP APIGraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersyesyes infovia event handlernoyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"yes using Neo4j FabricShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyElectable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table featureMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnowith Hadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infodepending on configuration
Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDconfigurable infoACID within a storage node (=shard)ACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infooff heap cacheyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Access rights for users and rolesAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraNeo4jOracle NoSQLStardog
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
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