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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OceanBase vs. Solr vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OceanBase vs. Solr vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOceanBase  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSA distributed, high available RDBMS compatible with Oracle and MySQLA widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache LuceneA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineDocument store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Wide column store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1.57
Rank#149  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Score41.02
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serveren.oceanbase.comsolr.apache.orggithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serveren.oceanbase.com/­docs/­oceanbase-databasesolr.apache.org/­resources.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMicrosoftOceanBase infopreviously Alibaba and Ant GroupApache Software Foundation8Kdata
Initial release20081989201020062016
Current release4.1.3, July 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20224.3.0, April 20249.6.1, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoCommercial license availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaC++C++JavaJava
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fieldsschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typingyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesyesno
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesyesSolr Parallel SQL Interface
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Proprietary native API
Table API
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Ada infoin MySQL-compatible model
C infoin Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
C++ infoin Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
D infoin MySQL-compatible model
Delphi infoin MySQL-compatible model
Eiffel infoin MySQL-compatible model
Erlang infoin MySQL-compatible model
Haskell infoin MySQL-compatible model
Java infoin Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
JavaScript (Node.js) infoin MySQL-compatible model
Objective-C infoin MySQL-compatible model
OCaml infoin MySQL-compatible model
Perl infoin MySQL-compatible model
PHP infoin MySQL-compatible model
Python infoin MySQL-compatible model
Ruby infoin MySQL-compatible model
Scheme infoin MySQL-compatible model
Tcl infoin MySQL-compatible model
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaPL/SQL in oracle-compatible mode, MySQL Stored Procedure in mysql-compatible modeJava plugins
Triggersyesyesyesyes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationhorizontal partitioning (by hash, key, range, range columns, list, and list columns)ShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication using PaxosyesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDoptimistic lockingno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardyesAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraMicrosoft SQL ServerOceanBaseSolrToroDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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