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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MongoDB vs. OceanBase vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MongoDB vs. OceanBase vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonMongoDB  Xexclude from comparisonOceanBase  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSOne of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructureA distributed, high available RDBMS compatible with Oracle and MySQLA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infointegrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only.
Time Series DBMS infoTime Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0
Vector DBMS infocurrently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only
Document store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score421.08
Rank#5  Overall
#1  Document stores
Score1.57
Rank#149  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.mongodb.comen.oceanbase.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.mongodb.com/­docs/­manualen.oceanbase.com/­docs/­oceanbase-database
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMicrosoftMongoDB, IncOceanBase infopreviously Alibaba and Ant Group8Kdata
Initial release20081989200920102016
Current release4.1.3, July 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20226.0.7, June 20234.3.0, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoMongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available.Open Source infoCommercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono infoMongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas)nono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
  • MongoDB Atlas: Global multi-cloud database with unmatched data distribution and mobility across AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, built-in automation for resource and workload optimization, and so much more.
  • MongoDB Flex @ STACKIT offers managed MongoDB Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaC++C++C++Java
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-free infoAlthough schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema.yesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatialyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesno
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesRead-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interfaceyes
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
GraphQL
HTTP REST
Prisma
proprietary protocol using JSON
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Proprietary native API
Table API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Actionscript infounofficial driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure infounofficial driver
ColdFusion infounofficial driver
D infounofficial driver
Dart infounofficial driver
Delphi infounofficial driver
Erlang
Go
Groovy infounofficial driver
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Lisp infounofficial driver
Lua infounofficial driver
MatLab infounofficial driver
Perl
PHP
PowerShell infounofficial driver
Prolog infounofficial driver
Python
R infounofficial driver
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Smalltalk infounofficial driver
Swift
Ada infoin MySQL-compatible model
C infoin Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
C++ infoin Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
D infoin MySQL-compatible model
Delphi infoin MySQL-compatible model
Eiffel infoin MySQL-compatible model
Erlang infoin MySQL-compatible model
Haskell infoin MySQL-compatible model
Java infoin Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
JavaScript (Node.js) infoin MySQL-compatible model
Objective-C infoin MySQL-compatible model
OCaml infoin MySQL-compatible model
Perl infoin MySQL-compatible model
PHP infoin MySQL-compatible model
Python infoin MySQL-compatible model
Ruby infoin MySQL-compatible model
Scheme infoin MySQL-compatible model
Tcl infoin MySQL-compatible model
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaJavaScriptPL/SQL in oracle-compatible mode, MySQL Stored Procedure in mysql-compatible mode
Triggersyesyesyes infoin MongoDB Atlas onlyyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding infoPartitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime.horizontal partitioning (by hash, key, range, range columns, list, and list columns)Sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication using PaxosSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency infocan be individually decided for each read operation
Immediate Consistency infodefault behaviour
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno infotypically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possibleyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDMulti-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolationACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infooptional, enabled by defaultyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infoIn-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraMicrosoft SQL ServerMongoDBOceanBaseToroDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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MongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Built around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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AI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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ADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Hundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
MongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses...
» more
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