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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. YugabyteDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelWide column storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMSDocument store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score2.91
Rank#102  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.nebula-graph.iodocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMicrosoftVesoft Inc.Yugabyte Inc.
Initial release2008201420192017
Current release4.1.3, July 20232.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageJavaC++C and C++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeStrong typed schemadepending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL-like query languageSQL-like query languageyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJavaScriptuser defined functionsyes infosql, plpgsql, C
TriggersyesJavaScriptyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceCausal Clustering using Raft protocolBased on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyeswith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyStrong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelRole-based access controlyes
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBNebulaGraphYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more
Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more
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