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DBMS > Cassandra vs. LevelDB vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. LevelDB vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RethinkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.
Primary database modelWide column storeKey-value storeRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Document store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score93.21
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score2.74
Rank#105  Overall
#19  Document stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbmariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbrethinkdb.com
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarylearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbrethinkdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
MicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017
Initial release200820112009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 199520142009
Current release4.1.3, July 20231.23, February 202111.3.2, February 20242.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaC++C and C++C++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyes infoDynamic columns are supportedschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infoJSON typesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometry
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3JavaScript
TriggersyesnoyesJavaScriptClient-side triggers through changefeeds
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"noneseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding inforange based
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*yes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infonot for MyISAM storage enginenono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionAtomic single-document operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoMVCC based
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infowith MEMORY storage engineno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelyes infousers and table-level permissions
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraLevelDBMariaDBMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBRethinkDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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CassandraLevelDBMariaDBMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBRethinkDB
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