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DBMS > Cassandra vs. LevelDB vs. Lovefield vs. ObjectBox vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. LevelDB vs. Lovefield vs. ObjectBox vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonObjectBox  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptExtremely fast embedded database for small devices, IoT and MobileWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelWide column storeKey-value storeRelational DBMSObject oriented DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Time Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score1.20
Rank#170  Overall
#5  Object oriented DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldobjectbox.iowww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.objectbox.iowww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleGoogleObjectBox LimitedPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20082011201420171989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release4.1.3, July 20231.23, February 20212.1.12, February 201716.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache License 2.0Open Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++JavaScriptC and C++C
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariAndroid
iOS
Linux
macOS
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternnoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
Proprietary native APIADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
JavaScriptC
C++
Dart
Go
Java
JavaScript infoplanned (as of Jan 2019)
Kotlin
Python infoplanned (as of Jan 2019)
Swift
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonononouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersyesnoUsing read-only observersnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"nonenonenonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possiblenonenoneonline/offline synchronization between client and serverSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infousing MemoryDBnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectnonoyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraLevelDBLovefieldObjectBoxPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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