DBMS > Cassandra vs. HyperSQL vs. Oracle vs. Oracle Rdb vs. OrientDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. HyperSQL vs. Oracle vs. Oracle Rdb vs. OrientDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Widely used RDBMS

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Primary database model

Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	98.83
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	3.23
Rank	#93	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS

Score	1244.08
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	1.14
Rank	#178	Overall
	#80	Relational DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#89	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#6	Graph DBMS
	#13	Key-value stores

Website

cassandra.apache.org

hsqldb.org

www.oracle.com/database

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb.html

orientdb.org

Technical documentation

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

docs.oracle.com/en/database

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb-doc.html

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Oracle

Oracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Initial release

2008

2001

1980

1984

2010

Current release

4.1.3, July 2023

2.7.2, June 2023

23c, September 2023

7.4.1.1, 2021

3.2.29, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

based on BSD license

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

HP Open VMS

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

SQL-like query language, no joins

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Java, Javascript

Triggers

yes

Hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

can be realized in PL/SQL

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

yes, on a single node

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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