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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Firebird vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Firebird vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseAn open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used RDBMS
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score20.50
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1244.08
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.firebirdsql.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­database
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookFirebird FoundationHypertable Inc.MicrosoftOracle
Initial release20082000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase200919891980
Current release4.1.3, July 20235.0.0, January 20240.9.8.11, March 2016SQL Server 2022, November 202223c, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicenseOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaC and C++C++C++C and C++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
Linux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columns
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyes
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yesnoyesyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
C++ API
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoPSQLnoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possible
Triggersyesyesnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"noneShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSource-replica replicationselectable replication factor on file system levelyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyesnono infocan be realized in PL/SQL
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDnoACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterized
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraFirebirdHypertableMicrosoft SQL ServerOracle
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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