DBMS > Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Sadas Engine

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Dgraph vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Sadas Engine

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Wide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB

Optimized for write access

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

SADAS Engine is a columnar DBMS specifically designed for high performance in data warehouse environments

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

starting with release V5

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	101.89
Rank	#12	Overall
	#1	Wide column stores

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	30.50
Rank	#26	Overall
	#2	Wide column stores

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#158	Relational DBMS

Website

cassandra.apache.org

dgraph.io

hbase.apache.org

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

www.sadasengine.com

Technical documentation

cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest

dgraph.io/docs

hbase.apache.org/book.html

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

www.sadasengine.com/en/sadas-engine-download-free-trial-and-documentation/#documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top level project, originally developped by Facebook

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset

Microsoft

SADAS s.r.l.

Initial release

2008

2016

2008

2010

2006

Current release

4.1.3, July 2023

2.3.4, January 2021

V12

8.0

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache version 2

commercial

free trial version available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Unix
Windows

using Cygwin

hosted

AIX
Linux
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

schema-free, schema definition possible

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

options to bring your own types, AVRO

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

only equality queries, not always the best performing solution

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)

yes

APIs and other access methods

Proprietary protocol

CQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Coprocessors in Java

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

yes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Representation of geographical distribution of servers is possible

Synchronous replication via Raft

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, with always 3 replicas available

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be individually decided for each write operation

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Atomicity and isolation are supported for single operations

ACID

Single row ACID (across millions of columns)

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

managed by 'Learn by Usage'

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users can be defined per object

Planned for future releases

Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Apache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantages

No single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenarios

Internet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customers

Apple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metrics

Cassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing models

Apache licenseÂ Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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