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DBMS > Cassandra vs. CouchDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OceanBase vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. CouchDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OceanBase vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOceanBase  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSA distributed, high available RDBMS compatible with Oracle and MySQLA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelWide column storeDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Spatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extensionDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score8.30
Rank#47  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1.57
Rank#149  Overall
#69  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgcouchdb.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serveren.oceanbase.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stablelearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serveren.oceanbase.com/­docs/­oceanbase-database
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerMicrosoftOceanBase infopreviously Alibaba and Ant Group8Kdata
Initial release20082005198920102016
Current release4.1.3, July 20233.3.3, December 2023SQL Server 2022, November 20224.3.0, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoCommercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
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Implementation languageJavaErlangC++C++Java
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesno
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyes infovia viewsyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)noyesyes
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
RESTful HTTP/JSON APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Proprietary native API
Table API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Ada infoin MySQL-compatible model
C infoin Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
C++ infoin Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
D infoin MySQL-compatible model
Delphi infoin MySQL-compatible model
Eiffel infoin MySQL-compatible model
Erlang infoin MySQL-compatible model
Haskell infoin MySQL-compatible model
Java infoin Oracle- and MySQL- compatible models
JavaScript (Node.js) infoin MySQL-compatible model
Objective-C infoin MySQL-compatible model
OCaml infoin MySQL-compatible model
Perl infoin MySQL-compatible model
PHP infoin MySQL-compatible model
Python infoin MySQL-compatible model
Ruby infoin MySQL-compatible model
Scheme infoin MySQL-compatible model
Tcl infoin MySQL-compatible model
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoView functions in JavaScriptTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaPL/SQL in oracle-compatible mode, MySQL Stored Procedure in mysql-compatible mode
Triggersyesyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"Sharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationhorizontal partitioning (by hash, key, range, range columns, list, and list columns)Sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication using PaxosSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsno infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users can be defined per databasefine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"Microsoft SQL ServerOceanBaseToroDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
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Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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