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DBMS > Cassandra vs. ClickHouse vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. PostgreSQL vs. TerarkDB

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. ClickHouse vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. PostgreSQL vs. TerarkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonClickHouse  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessA high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering.Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Widely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Key-value store
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Time Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score16.34
Rank#38  Overall
#23  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#60  Key-value stores
Websitecassandra.apache.orgclickhouse.comcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdb
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestclickhouse.com/­docscloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookClickhouse Inc.GooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerByteDance, originally Terark
Initial release2008201620151989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2016
Current release4.1.3, July 2023v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial inforestricted open source version available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
  • DoubleCloud: Fully managed ClickHouse alongside best-in-class managed open-source services to build analytics at scale.
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Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageJavaC++CC++
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions)noyes infostandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
gRPC
HTTP REST
JDBC
MySQL wire protocol
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Proprietary protocol
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
C++ API
Java API
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C# info3rd party library
C++
Elixir info3rd party library
Go info3rd party library
Java info3rd party library
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party library
Kotlin info3rd party library
Nim info3rd party library
Perl info3rd party library
PHP info3rd party library
Python info3rd party library
R info3rd party library
Ruby info3rd party library
Rust
Scala info3rd party library
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersyesnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"key based and customShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleAsynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages.Internal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsnoAtomic single-row operationsACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication.Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraClickHouseGoogle Cloud BigtablePostgreSQLTerarkDB
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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Timescale: Calling all PostgreSQL users – the 2023 State of PostgreSQL survey is now open! Share your favorite extensions, preferred frameworks, community experiences, and more. Take the survey today!
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More resources
CassandraClickHouseGoogle Cloud BigtablePostgreSQLTerarkDB
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