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DBMS > Cassandra vs. Citus vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Cassandra vs. Citus vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptWidely used RDBMSWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score1236.29
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitecassandra.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.citusdata.comgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookGoogleOracleDwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release20082010201419802000
Current release4.1.3, July 20238.1, December 20182.1.12, February 201723c, September 20233.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaCJavaScriptC and C++C
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linuxserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
server-less
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynoyesno
Secondary indexesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methodsProprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScriptC
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleno
TriggersyesyesUsing read-only observersyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesnonono infocan be realized in PL/SQLno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datano infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infousing MemoryDByes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno
More information provided by the system vendor
CassandraCitusLovefieldOracleSQLite
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
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