DBMS > Blazegraph vs. ClickHouse vs. Neo4j vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL
System Properties Comparison Blazegraph vs. ClickHouse vs. Neo4j vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL
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| Name | Blazegraph Xexclude from comparison | ClickHouse Xexclude from comparison | Neo4j Xexclude from comparison | Oracle Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amazon has acquired Blazegraph's domain and (probably) product. It is said that Amazon Neptune is based on Blazegraph. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | High-performance graph database supporting Semantic Web (RDF/SPARQL) and Graph Database (tinkerpop3, blueprints, vertex-centric) APIs with scale-out and High Availability. | A high-performance, column-oriented SQL DBMS for online analytical processing (OLAP) that uses all available system resources to their full potential to process each analytical query as fast as possible. It is available as both an open-source software and a cloud offering. | Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings | Widely used RDBMS | Widely used open source RDBMS  Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Graph DBMS RDF store | Relational DBMS | Graph DBMS | Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Time Series DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Oracle Spatial and GraphRDF store with Oracle Spatial and GraphSpatial DBMS with Oracle Spatial and GraphVector DBMS since Oracle 23 | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | blazegraph.com | clickhouse.com | neo4j.com | www.oracle.com/database | www.postgresql.org | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | wiki.blazegraph.com | clickhouse.com/docs | neo4j.com/docs | docs.oracle.com/en/database | www.postgresql.org/docs | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Blazegraph | Clickhouse Inc. | Neo4j, Inc. | Oracle | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2006 | 2016 | 2007 | 1980 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 2.1.5, March 2019 | v24.4.1.2088-stable, May 2024 | 5.20, May 2024 | 23c, September 2023 | 16.3, May 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | Open Source extended commercial license available | Open Source Apache 2.0 | Open Source GPL version3, commercial licenses available | commercial restricted free version is available | Open Source BSD | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | no | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. |
| Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers. |
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| Implementation language | Java | C++ | Java, Scala | C and C++ | C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | Linux OS X Windows | FreeBSD Linux macOS | Linux Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database. OS X Solaris Windows | AIX HP-UX Linux OS X Solaris Windows z/OS | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | yes | schema-free and schema-optional | yes Schemaless in JSON and XML columns | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes RDF literal types | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | SPARQL is used as query language | Close to ANSI SQL (SQL/JSON + extensions) | no | yes with proprietary extensions | yes standard with numerous extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | Java API RESTful HTTP API SPARQL QUERY SPARQL UPDATE TinkerPop 3 | gRPC HTTP REST JDBC MySQL wire protocol ODBC PostgreSQL wire protocol Proprietary protocol | Bolt protocol Cypher query language Java API Neo4j-OGM Object Graph MapperRESTful HTTP API Spring Data Neo4j TinkerPop 3 | JDBC ODBC ODP.NET Oracle Call Interface (OCI) | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net C C++ Java JavaScript PHP Python Ruby | C# 3rd party library C++ Elixir 3rd party libraryGo 3rd party libraryJava 3rd party libraryJavaScript (Node.js) 3rd party libraryKotlin 3rd party libraryNim 3rd party libraryPerl 3rd party libraryPHP 3rd party libraryPython 3rd party libraryR 3rd party libraryRuby 3rd party libraryRust Scala 3rd party library | .Net Clojure Elixir Go Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Perl PHP Python Ruby Scala | C C# C++ Clojure Cobol Delphi Eiffel Erlang Fortran Groovy Haskell Java JavaScript Lisp Objective C OCaml Perl PHP Python R Ruby Scala Tcl Visual Basic | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | yes | yes | yes User defined Procedures and Functions | PL/SQL also stored procedures in Java possible | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | no | no | yes via event handler | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding | key based and custom | yes using Neo4j Fabric | Sharding, horizontal partitioning | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes | Asynchronous and synchronous physical replication; geographically distributed replicas; support for object storages. | Causal Clustering using Raft protocol available in in Enterprise Version only | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | no | no can be realized in PL/SQL | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration | Immediate Consistency | Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | yes Relationships in Graphs | no | yes Relationships in graphs | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | ACID | no | ACID | ACID isolation level can be parameterized | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes | yes Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory' | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Security and Authentication via Web Application Container (Tomcat, Jetty) | Access rights for users and roles. Column and row based policies. Quotas and resource limits. Pluggable authentication with LDAP and Kerberos. Password based, X.509 certificate, and SSH key authentication. | Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos) | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| More information provided by the system vendor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Blazegraph | ClickHouse | Neo4j | Oracle | PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specific characteristics | Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Competitive advantages | Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typical application scenarios | Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Key customers | Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market metrics | Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Licensing and pricing models | GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial... » more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| News | Neo4j-Databricks Connector Delivers Deeper Insights, Faster GenAI Development This Week in Neo4j: Podcast, Testing, Knowledge Graph, GenAI and more Neo4j and Snowflake Bring Graph Data Science Into the AI Data Cloud RDF vs. Property Graphs: Choosing the Right Approach for Implementing a Knowledge Graph This Week in Neo4j: Importing Data, NODES, GenAI, Going Meta and more | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Blazegraph | ClickHouse | Neo4j | Oracle | PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking The openCypher Project: Help Shape the SQL for Graphs | MySQL is the DBMS of the Year 2019 The struggle for the hegemony in Oracle's database empire Architecting eCommerce Platforms for Zero Downtime on Black Friday and Beyond | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 Oracle Cloud World Back to the future: Does graph database success hang on query language? Harnessing GPUs Delivers a Big Speedup for Graph Analytics This AI Paper Introduces A Comprehensive RDF Dataset With Over 26 Billion Triples Covering Scholarly Data Across All Scientific Disciplines Faster with GPUs: 5 turbocharged databases provided by Google News Why Clickhouse Should Be Your Next Database ClickHouse Cloud & Amazon S3 Express One Zone: Making a blazing fast analytical database even faster | Amazon ... Intel Xeon 6766E/6780E Sierra Forest vs. Ampere Altra Performance & Power Efficiency Review A 1000x Faster Database Solution: ClickHouse’s Aaron Katz From Open Source to SaaS: the Journey of ClickHouse provided by Google News Neo4j employs knowledge graphs as part of the AI stack Neo4j graph analytics integrated with Snowflake's AI cloud – Blocks and Files Neo4j Announces Collaboration with Microsoft to Advance GenAI and Data Solutions USA - English - India - English Using Neo4j’s graph database for AI in Azure Neo4j announces collaboration with Snowflake for advanced AI insights and predictive analytics – Intelligent CIO North ... provided by Google News Oracle And Google Partner To Deliver Multicloud Offering To Enterprises Panasonic Information Systems Selects Oracle Cloud Infrastructure to Drive Modernization of Internal Systems Across ... Oracle Q4 Stunners: RPO Soars 44% to $98 Billion, Google Cloud Is New BFF Oracle to colocate database services and network interconnect in Google data centers Oracle and Google launch multicloud solutions for enhanced cloud interoperability provided by Google News PostgreSQL is Now Faster than Pinecone, 75% Cheaper, with New Open Source Extensions Timescale unveils high-performance AI vector database extensions for PostgreSQL A New Era AI Databases: PostgreSQL with pgvectorscale Outperforms Pinecone and Cuts Costs by 75% with New Open-Source Extensions PostgreSQL Tutorial: Definition, Commands, & Features Raise the bar on AI-powered app development with Azure Database for PostgreSQL provided by Google News | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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