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DBMS > Apache Drill vs. Cassandra vs. Citus vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Apache Drill vs. Cassandra vs. Citus vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Drill  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonHazelcast  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionSchema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud StorageWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLA widely adopted in-memory data gridDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server
Primary database modelDocument store
Relational DBMS
Wide column storeRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Document storeDocument store infoJSON support with IMDG 3.12Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.02
Rank#124  Overall
#22  Document stores
#59  Relational DBMS
Score98.83
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score2.15
Rank#117  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score5.46
Rank#61  Overall
#7  Key-value stores
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Websitedrill.apache.orgcassandra.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comhazelcast.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­database
Technical documentationdrill.apache.org/­docscassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.citusdata.comhazelcast.org/­imdg/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
DeveloperApache Software FoundationApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookHazelcastMicrosoft
Initial release20122008201020082010
Current release1.20.3, January 20234.1.3, July 20238.1, December 20185.3.6, November 2023V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2; commercial licenses availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaCJavaC++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java VMhosted
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalityyes infothe object must implement a serialization strategyyes
Secondary indexesnorestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliantSQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes infostandard, with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languageyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC++C#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infoEvent Listeners, Executor ServicesTransact SQL
Triggersnoyesyesyes infoEventsyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoReplicated Mapyes, with always 3 replicas available
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyesyesnoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemnoneEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user infoRaft Consensus AlgorithmImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanono infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsACIDone or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commitedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentDepending on the underlying data sourceyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.Depending on the underlying data sourcenonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlDepending on the underlying data sourceAccess rights for users can be defined per objectfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache DrillCassandraCitusHazelcastMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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