DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. gStore vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Tkrzw

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. gStore vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. Tkrzw

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

A native Graph DBMS to store and maintain very large RDF datasets.

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	0.04
Rank	#359	Overall
	#37	Graph DBMS
	#18	RDF stores

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	2.95
Rank	#100	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#17	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#60	Key-value stores

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

en.gstore.cn

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

dbmx.net/tkrzw

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

en.gstore.cn/#/enDocs

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Microsoft

Oracle

Mikio Hirabayashi

Initial release

2012

2016

2010

2011

2020

Current release

1.2, November 2023

V12

23.3, December 2023

0.9.3, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

hosted

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

optional

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

yes, with always 3 replicas available

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

off heap cache

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users, roles and permissions, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) supported

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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