DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. YDB

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. YDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

A distributed fault-tolerant database service, with high availability, scalability, immediate consistency and ACID transactions and providing an Amazon DynamoDB compatible API

Primary database model

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	77.99
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.35
Rank	#278	Overall
	#43	Document stores
	#127	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

rdf4j.org

github.com/ydb-platform/ydb
ydb.tech

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

docs.immudb.io

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

rdf4j.org/documentation

ydb.tech/en/docs

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Codenotary

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Yandex

Initial release

2012

2020

2010

2004

2019

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

V12

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

Apache 2.0; commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL-like syntax

yes

SQL-like query language (YQL)

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java
PHP
Python

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

Transact SQL

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

yes, with always 3 replicas available

none

Active-passive shard replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights defined for Yandex Cloud users

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