DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Greenplum vs. Hive vs. MariaDB vs. NebulaGraph

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Greenplum vs. Hive vs. MariaDB vs. NebulaGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Analytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database

A logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	8.08
Rank	#48	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	59.76
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	91.04
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	2.23
Rank	#116	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

greenplum.org

hive.apache.org

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

docs.greenplum.org

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

docs.nebula-graph.io

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Pivotal Software Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

Vesoft Inc.

Initial release

2012

2005

2012

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2019

Current release

7.0.0, September 2023

3.1.3, April 2022

11.3.2, February 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

Strong typed schema

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

since Version 4.2

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
Java
Perl
Python
R

C++
Java
PHP
Python

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Source-replica replication

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

using RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Competitive advantages

MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenarios

Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Key customers

Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Market metrics

MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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Licensing and pricing models

MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
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