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DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. GraphDB vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OpenEdge

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. GraphDB vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OpenEdge

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOpenEdge  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSApplication development environment with integrated database management system
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score17.94
Rank#34  Overall
#21  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score93.21
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score824.29
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score3.51
Rank#86  Overall
#46  Relational DBMS
Websiteaws.amazon.com/­redshiftwww.ontotext.commariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
www.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.progress.com/­openedge
Technical documentationdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarylearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocumentation.progress.com/­output/­ua/­OpenEdge_latest
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)OntotextMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
MicrosoftProgress Software Corporation
Initial release201220002009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 199519891984
Current release10.4, October 202311.3.2, February 2024SQL Server 2022, November 2022OpenEdge 12.2, March 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCJavaC and C++C++
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
Linux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyes infoDynamic columns are supportedyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesyes
Secondary indexesrestrictedyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyes infowith proprietary extensionsyesyes infoclose to SQL 92
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Progress proprietary ABL (Advanced Business Language)
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions infoin Pythonwell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes
Triggersnonoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneseveral options for horizontal partitioning and Shardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationhorizontal partitioning infosince Version 11.4
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemyes infoConstraint checkingyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infowith MEMORY storage engineyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers and groups
More information provided by the system vendor
Amazon RedshiftGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMariaDBMicrosoft SQL ServerOpenEdge
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more
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