DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. FoundationDB vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL vs. TigerGraph

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. FoundationDB vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL vs. TigerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Widely used RDBMS

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

A complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-time

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	1.03
Rank	#190	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#89	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	1.83
Rank	#139	Overall
	#13	Graph DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

github.com/apple/foundationdb

www.oracle.com/database

spark.apache.org/sql

www.tigergraph.com

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

apple.github.io/foundationdb

docs.oracle.com/en/database

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

docs.tigergraph.com

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

FoundationDB

Oracle

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2012

2013

1980

2014

2017

Current release

6.2.28, November 2020

23c, September 2023

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Scala

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

some layers support schemas

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

some layers support typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

supported in specific SQL layer only

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language (GSQL)

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

JDBC
ODBC

GSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Java
Python
R
Scala

C++
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

in SQL-layer only

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

in SQL-layer only

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

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