DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. FoundationDB vs. Oracle vs. Quasardb

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Impala vs. FoundationDB vs. Oracle vs. Quasardb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Widely used RDBMS

Distributed, high-performance timeseries database

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	1.03
Rank	#190	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#89	Relational DBMS

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	0.14
Rank	#332	Overall
	#29	Time Series DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

impala.apache.org

github.com/apple/foundationdb

www.oracle.com/database

quasar.ai

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

apple.github.io/foundationdb

docs.oracle.com/en/database

doc.quasar.ai/master

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

FoundationDB

Oracle

quasardb

Initial release

2012

2013

1980

2009

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

6.2.28, November 2020

23c, September 2023

3.14.1, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Free community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

some layers support schemas

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

some layers support typing

yes

integer and binary

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

with tags

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

supported in specific SQL layer only

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

HTTP API

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

in SQL-layer only

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

consistent hashing

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

selectable replication factor

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Source-replica replication with selectable replication factor

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

can be realized in PL/SQL

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

in SQL-layer only

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using LevelDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

Transient mode

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Cryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail

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