DBMS > Amazon Redshift vs. CockroachDB vs. DuckDB vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

System Properties Comparison Amazon Redshift vs. CockroachDB vs. DuckDB vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

CockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.

An embeddable, in-process, column-oriented SQL OLAP RDBMS

Hawkular metrics is the metric storage of the Red Hat sponsored Hawkular monitoring system. It is based on Cassandra.

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	5.73
Rank	#58	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	4.63
Rank	#69	Overall
	#37	Relational DBMS

Score	0.08
Rank	#366	Overall
	#39	Time Series DBMS

Score	76.78
Rank	#16	Overall
	#11	Relational DBMS

Website

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.cockroachlabs.com

duckdb.org

www.hawkular.org

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

Technical documentation

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.cockroachlabs.com/docs

duckdb.org/docs

www.hawkular.org/hawkular-metrics/docs/user-guide

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

Developer

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Cockroach Labs

Community supported by Red Hat

Microsoft

Initial release

2012

2015

2018

2014

2010

Current release

24.1.0, May 2024

0.10, February 2024

V12

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0, commercial license available

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

server-less

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Data scheme

yes

dynamic schema

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes, wire compatible with PostgreSQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC

Arrow Database Connectivity (ADBC)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

HTTP REST

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust

C
C#

3rd party driver
C++
Crystal

3rd party driver
Go

3rd party driver
Java
Lisp

3rd party driver
Python
R
Ruby

3rd party driver
Rust
Swift
Zig

3rd party driver

Go
Java
Python
Ruby

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in Python

Transact SQL

Triggers

yes

via Hawkular Alerting

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

all tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFT

none

Sharding

based on Cassandra

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Multi-source replication using RAFT

none

selectable replication factor

based on Cassandra

yes, with always 3 replicas available

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

based on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency

based on Cassandra

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.